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Nesse artigo trato sobre a instalação de um servidor Debian para virtualização de hosts sem segredo e possibilitando também um desempenho máximo nas máquinas virtuais.
Por: Renato Comes
Introdução
Hoje um dos maiores problemas quanto a virtualizações é que quando ela é necessária, há muitas dúvidas em como usar e o que usar.
Nesse artigo trago uma das soluções mais conhecidas no mundo todo, que uso e recomendo para servidores virtuais, o VMWare Server.
O aplicativo é simples, funcional e traz uma customização muito fácil para aqueles que precisam gerenciá-lo.
O servidor não precisa ter ambiente gráfico e nada de pacotes indesejáveis. Faça a instalação mais crua possível, pois o que nos interessa é conseguir usar o máximo do servidor para as máquinas virtuais.
Então mãos na massa!
Download e instalação
O VMWare Server é uma ferramenta gratuita e pode ser baixado no site:
* Apenas usuários registrados e ativados podem ver os links., Clique aqui para se cadastrar...
Nessa mesma página há um link onde pode ser feito um cadastro para obter a chave de instalação do mesmo.
Precisamos instalar alguns pacotes para não termos dor de cabeça na hora da instalação.
# apt-get update
# apt-get install linux-headers-`uname -r` libx11-6 libx11-dev x-window-system-core x-window-system xspecs libxtst6 psmisc build-essential
Agora vamos começar a instalação do VMware Server.
Precisamos descompactar o arquivo baixado:
# tar zxfv Vmware-server-*.tar.gz
Entre na pasta descompactada:
# cd vmware-server-distrib
Comece a instalação:
# ./vmware-install.pl
A instalação fará algumas perguntas a você. Siga a instruções abaixo.
Creating a new installer database using the tar3 format.
Installing the content of the package.
In which directory do you want to install the binary files?
[/usr/bin] <-- /usr/bin
What is the directory that contains the init directories (rc0.d/ to rc6.d/)?
[/etc] <-- /etc
What is the directory that contains the init scripts?
[/etc/init.d] <-- /etc/init.d
In which directory do you want to install the daemon files?
[/usr/sbin] <-- /usr/sbin
In which directory do you want to install the library files?
[/usr/lib/vmware] <-- /usr/lib/vmware
The path "/usr/lib/vmware" does not exist currently. This program is going to
create it, including needed parent directories. Is this what you want?
[yes] <-- yes
In which directory do you want to install the manual files?
[/usr/share/man] <-- /usr/share/man
In which directory do you want to install the documentation files?
[/usr/share/doc/vmware] <-- /usr/share/doc/vmware
The path "/usr/share/doc/vmware" does not exist currently. This program is
going to create it, including needed parent directories. Is this what you want?
[yes] <-- yes
The installation of VMware Server 1.0.2 build-39867 for Linux completed
successfully. You can decide to remove this software from your system at any
time by invoking the following command: "/usr/bin/vmware-uninstall.pl".
Before running VMware Server for the first time, you need to configure it by
invoking the following command: "/usr/bin/vmware-config.pl". Do you want this
program to invoke the command for you now? [yes] <-- yes
Making sure services for VMware Server are stopped.
Stopping VMware services:
Virtual machine monitor done
You must read and accept the End User License Agreement to continue.
Press enter to display it. <-- [ENTER]
..... snip [LICENCE TEXT] ......
Do you accept? (yes/no) <-- yes
Configuring fallback GTK+ 2.4 libraries.
In which directory do you want to install the mime type icons?
[/usr/share/icons] <-- /usr/share/icons
The path "/usr/share/icons" does not exist currently. This program is going to
create it, including needed parent directories. Is this what you want?
[yes] <-- yes
What directory contains your desktop menu entry files? These files have a
.desktop file extension. [/usr/share/applications] <-- /usr/share/applications
In which directory do you want to install the application's icon?
[/usr/share/pixmaps] <-- /usr/share/pixmaps
Trying to find a suitable vmmon module for your running kernel.
None of the pre-built vmmon modules for VMware Server is suitable for your
running kernel. Do you want this program to try to build the vmmon module for
your system (you need to have a C compiler installed on your system)? [yes] <-- yes
Using compiler "/usr/bin/gcc". Use environment variable CC to override.
What is the location of the directory of C header files that match your running
kernel? [/lib/modules/2.6.18-4-486/build/include]<-- /lib/modules/2.6.8-2-386/build/include
[...]
Do you want networking for your virtual machines? (yes/no/help) [yes] <-- yes
Configuring a bridged network for vmnet0.
The following bridged networks have been defined:
. vmnet0 is bridged to eth0
Do you wish to configure another bridged network? (yes/no) [no] <-- no
Do you want to be able to use NAT networking in your virtual machines? (yes/no)
[yes] <-- yes
Configuring a NAT network for vmnet8.
Do you want this program to probe for an unused private subnet? (yes/no/help)
[yes] <-- yes
Probing for an unused private subnet (this can take some time)...
The subnet 172.16.191.0/255.255.255.0 appears to be unused.
The following NAT networks have been defined:
. vmnet8 is a NAT network on private subnet 172.16.191.0.
Do you wish to configure another NAT network? (yes/no) [no] <-- no
Do you want to be able to use host-only networking in your virtual machines?
[yes] <-- yes
Configuring a host-only network for vmnet1.
Do you want this program to probe for an unused private subnet? (yes/no/help)
[yes] <-- yes
Probing for an unused private subnet (this can take some time)...
The subnet 172.16.98.0/255.255.255.0 appears to be unused.
The following host-only networks have been defined:
. vmnet1 is a host-only network on private subnet 172.16.98.0.
Do you wish to configure another host-only network? (yes/no) [no] <-- no
[...]
Please specify a port for remote console connections to use [902] <-- 902
Restarting internet superserver: inetd.
Configuring the VMware VmPerl Scripting API.
Building the VMware VmPerl Scripting API.
Using compiler "/usr/bin/gcc". Use environment variable CC to override.
Installing the VMware VmPerl Scripting API.
The installation of the VMware VmPerl Scripting API succeeded.
Generating SSL Server Certificate
In which directory do you want to keep your virtual machine files?
[/var/lib/vmware/Virtual Machines] <-- /var/vm
Please enter your 20-character serial number.
Type XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX or 'Enter' to cancel: <-- Coloque aqui o serial.
Starting VMware services:
Virtual machine monitor done
Virtual ethernet done
Bridged networking on /dev/vmnet0 done
Host-only networking on /dev/vmnet1 (background) done
Host-only networking on /dev/vmnet8 (background) done
NAT service on /dev/vmnet8 done
The configuration of VMware Server 1.0.2 build-39867 for Linux for this running
kernel completed successfully.
A instalação do servidor está concluída.
Instalação do console
Bom, o seu servidor virtual está completo, resta agora acessá-lo e gerenciá-lo.
No mesmo site onde é feito o download do VMware Server você encontra um software chamado Management Interface. Faça o download dele também, pois é um aplicativo de gerenciamento das máquinas virtuais muito útil.
Após o download a instalação é muito simples:
# tar xvfz VMware-mui-*.tar.gz
# cd vmware-mui-distrib
# ./vmware-install.pl
Novamente o software fará algumas perguntas sobre a instalação.
Creating a new installer database using the tar3 format.
You must read and accept the End User License Agreement to continue.
Press enter to display it. <-- [ENTER]
... license text ...
Do you accept? (yes/no) <-- yes
Thank you.
Installing the content of the package.
In which directory do you want to install the binary files?
[/usr/bin] <-- /usr/bin
What is the directory that contains the init directories (rc0.d/ to rc6.d/)?
[/etc] <-- /etc
What is the directory that contains the init scripts?
[/etc/init.d] <-- /etc/init.d
In which directory do you want to install the VMware Management Interface
files? [/usr/lib/vmware-mui] <-- /usr/lib/vmware-mui
The path "/usr/lib/vmware-mui" does not exist currently. This program is going
to create it, including needed parent directories. Is this what you want?
[yes] <-- yes
In which directory would you like to install the documentation files?
[/usr/lib/vmware-mui/doc] <-- /usr/lib/vmware-mui/doc
The path "/usr/lib/vmware-mui/doc" does not exist currently. This program is
going to create it, including needed parent directories. Is this what you want?
[yes] <-- yes
The installation of VMware Management Interface 1.0.1 build-29996 for Linux
completed successfully. You can decide to remove this software from your system
at any time by invoking the following command:
"/usr/bin/vmware-uninstall-mui.pl".
Before running VMware Management Interface for the first time, you need to
configure it by invoking the following command:
"/usr/bin/vmware-config-mui.pl". Do you want this program to invoke the command
for you now? [yes] <-- yes
Configuring httpd.conf to run Apache as:
User: www-data and Group: nogroup
Set the number of minutes before a http session times out. (This is the length
of time before someone connecting to VMware Management Interface will be logged
out) [60] <-- 60
Generating SSL Server Certificate
Starting httpd.vmware: done
The configuration of VMware Management Interface completed successfully.
Instalação concluída, vamos começar a virtualizar.
Testando o gerenciador do VMware Server
Depois de instalados o VMware Server e o Management Interface, vamos começar a criar nossas máquinas virtuais.
Acesse em seu navegador preferido:
Apenas usuários registrados e ativados podem ver os links., Clique aqui para se cadastrar...
Após entrar na página aparecerá a seguinte tela:
Para acessar o gerenciador use o usuário "root" e sua respectiva senha.
Abaixo do login e senha há um campo para você fazer o download do VMware Console que está salvo dentro do seu servidor virtual.
Baixe o mesmo para a versão de sistema operacional que você usa.
Se for Windows utilize o clássico "NEXT, NEXT, FINISH".
Caso seja Linux, use o arquivo .tar.gz ou .rpm.
A instalação no Linux é igual as etapas para instalar o VMware Server e o Gerenciador.
Após instalação, abra o VMware Console. Faça login como root e a sua respectiva senha.
Pronto, servidor instalado e pronto para ser usado.
Espero que esse artigo ajude aqueles que precisam fazer virtualizações e ainda estão um pouco perdidos por onde começar.
Uma dica para quem precisa virtualizar várias máquinas
Na hora da criação de sua máquina virtual, quando forem colocar o tamanho do HD, desabilite a opção "Allocate all disk space now", pois essa opção faz com que ele crie o HD com todo o espaço que você seleciona na opção acima, trazendo assim problemas de lentidão quando há várias máquinas.
Fonte: vivaoLinux
Postado Por: RedDeviL
Por: Renato Comes
Introdução
Hoje um dos maiores problemas quanto a virtualizações é que quando ela é necessária, há muitas dúvidas em como usar e o que usar.
Nesse artigo trago uma das soluções mais conhecidas no mundo todo, que uso e recomendo para servidores virtuais, o VMWare Server.
O aplicativo é simples, funcional e traz uma customização muito fácil para aqueles que precisam gerenciá-lo.
O servidor não precisa ter ambiente gráfico e nada de pacotes indesejáveis. Faça a instalação mais crua possível, pois o que nos interessa é conseguir usar o máximo do servidor para as máquinas virtuais.
Então mãos na massa!
Download e instalação
O VMWare Server é uma ferramenta gratuita e pode ser baixado no site:
* Apenas usuários registrados e ativados podem ver os links., Clique aqui para se cadastrar...
Nessa mesma página há um link onde pode ser feito um cadastro para obter a chave de instalação do mesmo.
Precisamos instalar alguns pacotes para não termos dor de cabeça na hora da instalação.
# apt-get update
# apt-get install linux-headers-`uname -r` libx11-6 libx11-dev x-window-system-core x-window-system xspecs libxtst6 psmisc build-essential
Agora vamos começar a instalação do VMware Server.
Precisamos descompactar o arquivo baixado:
# tar zxfv Vmware-server-*.tar.gz
Entre na pasta descompactada:
# cd vmware-server-distrib
Comece a instalação:
# ./vmware-install.pl
A instalação fará algumas perguntas a você. Siga a instruções abaixo.
Creating a new installer database using the tar3 format.
Installing the content of the package.
In which directory do you want to install the binary files?
[/usr/bin] <-- /usr/bin
What is the directory that contains the init directories (rc0.d/ to rc6.d/)?
[/etc] <-- /etc
What is the directory that contains the init scripts?
[/etc/init.d] <-- /etc/init.d
In which directory do you want to install the daemon files?
[/usr/sbin] <-- /usr/sbin
In which directory do you want to install the library files?
[/usr/lib/vmware] <-- /usr/lib/vmware
The path "/usr/lib/vmware" does not exist currently. This program is going to
create it, including needed parent directories. Is this what you want?
[yes] <-- yes
In which directory do you want to install the manual files?
[/usr/share/man] <-- /usr/share/man
In which directory do you want to install the documentation files?
[/usr/share/doc/vmware] <-- /usr/share/doc/vmware
The path "/usr/share/doc/vmware" does not exist currently. This program is
going to create it, including needed parent directories. Is this what you want?
[yes] <-- yes
The installation of VMware Server 1.0.2 build-39867 for Linux completed
successfully. You can decide to remove this software from your system at any
time by invoking the following command: "/usr/bin/vmware-uninstall.pl".
Before running VMware Server for the first time, you need to configure it by
invoking the following command: "/usr/bin/vmware-config.pl". Do you want this
program to invoke the command for you now? [yes] <-- yes
Making sure services for VMware Server are stopped.
Stopping VMware services:
Virtual machine monitor done
You must read and accept the End User License Agreement to continue.
Press enter to display it. <-- [ENTER]
..... snip [LICENCE TEXT] ......
Do you accept? (yes/no) <-- yes
Configuring fallback GTK+ 2.4 libraries.
In which directory do you want to install the mime type icons?
[/usr/share/icons] <-- /usr/share/icons
The path "/usr/share/icons" does not exist currently. This program is going to
create it, including needed parent directories. Is this what you want?
[yes] <-- yes
What directory contains your desktop menu entry files? These files have a
.desktop file extension. [/usr/share/applications] <-- /usr/share/applications
In which directory do you want to install the application's icon?
[/usr/share/pixmaps] <-- /usr/share/pixmaps
Trying to find a suitable vmmon module for your running kernel.
None of the pre-built vmmon modules for VMware Server is suitable for your
running kernel. Do you want this program to try to build the vmmon module for
your system (you need to have a C compiler installed on your system)? [yes] <-- yes
Using compiler "/usr/bin/gcc". Use environment variable CC to override.
What is the location of the directory of C header files that match your running
kernel? [/lib/modules/2.6.18-4-486/build/include]<-- /lib/modules/2.6.8-2-386/build/include
[...]
Do you want networking for your virtual machines? (yes/no/help) [yes] <-- yes
Configuring a bridged network for vmnet0.
The following bridged networks have been defined:
. vmnet0 is bridged to eth0
Do you wish to configure another bridged network? (yes/no) [no] <-- no
Do you want to be able to use NAT networking in your virtual machines? (yes/no)
[yes] <-- yes
Configuring a NAT network for vmnet8.
Do you want this program to probe for an unused private subnet? (yes/no/help)
[yes] <-- yes
Probing for an unused private subnet (this can take some time)...
The subnet 172.16.191.0/255.255.255.0 appears to be unused.
The following NAT networks have been defined:
. vmnet8 is a NAT network on private subnet 172.16.191.0.
Do you wish to configure another NAT network? (yes/no) [no] <-- no
Do you want to be able to use host-only networking in your virtual machines?
[yes] <-- yes
Configuring a host-only network for vmnet1.
Do you want this program to probe for an unused private subnet? (yes/no/help)
[yes] <-- yes
Probing for an unused private subnet (this can take some time)...
The subnet 172.16.98.0/255.255.255.0 appears to be unused.
The following host-only networks have been defined:
. vmnet1 is a host-only network on private subnet 172.16.98.0.
Do you wish to configure another host-only network? (yes/no) [no] <-- no
[...]
Please specify a port for remote console connections to use [902] <-- 902
Restarting internet superserver: inetd.
Configuring the VMware VmPerl Scripting API.
Building the VMware VmPerl Scripting API.
Using compiler "/usr/bin/gcc". Use environment variable CC to override.
Installing the VMware VmPerl Scripting API.
The installation of the VMware VmPerl Scripting API succeeded.
Generating SSL Server Certificate
In which directory do you want to keep your virtual machine files?
[/var/lib/vmware/Virtual Machines] <-- /var/vm
Please enter your 20-character serial number.
Type XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX or 'Enter' to cancel: <-- Coloque aqui o serial.
Starting VMware services:
Virtual machine monitor done
Virtual ethernet done
Bridged networking on /dev/vmnet0 done
Host-only networking on /dev/vmnet1 (background) done
Host-only networking on /dev/vmnet8 (background) done
NAT service on /dev/vmnet8 done
The configuration of VMware Server 1.0.2 build-39867 for Linux for this running
kernel completed successfully.
A instalação do servidor está concluída.
Instalação do console
Bom, o seu servidor virtual está completo, resta agora acessá-lo e gerenciá-lo.
No mesmo site onde é feito o download do VMware Server você encontra um software chamado Management Interface. Faça o download dele também, pois é um aplicativo de gerenciamento das máquinas virtuais muito útil.
Após o download a instalação é muito simples:
# tar xvfz VMware-mui-*.tar.gz
# cd vmware-mui-distrib
# ./vmware-install.pl
Novamente o software fará algumas perguntas sobre a instalação.
Creating a new installer database using the tar3 format.
You must read and accept the End User License Agreement to continue.
Press enter to display it. <-- [ENTER]
... license text ...
Do you accept? (yes/no) <-- yes
Thank you.
Installing the content of the package.
In which directory do you want to install the binary files?
[/usr/bin] <-- /usr/bin
What is the directory that contains the init directories (rc0.d/ to rc6.d/)?
[/etc] <-- /etc
What is the directory that contains the init scripts?
[/etc/init.d] <-- /etc/init.d
In which directory do you want to install the VMware Management Interface
files? [/usr/lib/vmware-mui] <-- /usr/lib/vmware-mui
The path "/usr/lib/vmware-mui" does not exist currently. This program is going
to create it, including needed parent directories. Is this what you want?
[yes] <-- yes
In which directory would you like to install the documentation files?
[/usr/lib/vmware-mui/doc] <-- /usr/lib/vmware-mui/doc
The path "/usr/lib/vmware-mui/doc" does not exist currently. This program is
going to create it, including needed parent directories. Is this what you want?
[yes] <-- yes
The installation of VMware Management Interface 1.0.1 build-29996 for Linux
completed successfully. You can decide to remove this software from your system
at any time by invoking the following command:
"/usr/bin/vmware-uninstall-mui.pl".
Before running VMware Management Interface for the first time, you need to
configure it by invoking the following command:
"/usr/bin/vmware-config-mui.pl". Do you want this program to invoke the command
for you now? [yes] <-- yes
Configuring httpd.conf to run Apache as:
User: www-data and Group: nogroup
Set the number of minutes before a http session times out. (This is the length
of time before someone connecting to VMware Management Interface will be logged
out) [60] <-- 60
Generating SSL Server Certificate
Starting httpd.vmware: done
The configuration of VMware Management Interface completed successfully.
Instalação concluída, vamos começar a virtualizar.
Testando o gerenciador do VMware Server
Depois de instalados o VMware Server e o Management Interface, vamos começar a criar nossas máquinas virtuais.
Acesse em seu navegador preferido:
Apenas usuários registrados e ativados podem ver os links., Clique aqui para se cadastrar...
Após entrar na página aparecerá a seguinte tela:
Para acessar o gerenciador use o usuário "root" e sua respectiva senha.
Abaixo do login e senha há um campo para você fazer o download do VMware Console que está salvo dentro do seu servidor virtual.
Baixe o mesmo para a versão de sistema operacional que você usa.
Se for Windows utilize o clássico "NEXT, NEXT, FINISH".
Caso seja Linux, use o arquivo .tar.gz ou .rpm.
A instalação no Linux é igual as etapas para instalar o VMware Server e o Gerenciador.
Após instalação, abra o VMware Console. Faça login como root e a sua respectiva senha.
Pronto, servidor instalado e pronto para ser usado.
Espero que esse artigo ajude aqueles que precisam fazer virtualizações e ainda estão um pouco perdidos por onde começar.
Uma dica para quem precisa virtualizar várias máquinas
Na hora da criação de sua máquina virtual, quando forem colocar o tamanho do HD, desabilite a opção "Allocate all disk space now", pois essa opção faz com que ele crie o HD com todo o espaço que você seleciona na opção acima, trazendo assim problemas de lentidão quando há várias máquinas.
Fonte: vivaoLinux
Postado Por: RedDeviL